Securities (Disclosure of Interests) Daily Summaries
 
                                                        SECURITIES (DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS) DAILY SUMMARIES                             PRINTED: 13/07/00  PAGE:   1
                                                        DIRECTORS'/CHIEF EXECUTIVES' NOTIFICATIONS REPORT - B
                                                            (GRANTS, ASSIGNMENTS AND EXERCISES OF RIGHTS)

 STOCK NAME : Arts Optical                   (1120)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 NG HOI YING MICHAEL                    G  ORD              ARTS OPTICAL INTERNATIONAL HOL-         5,100,000    070700-231006        0.880                1
                                                            DINGS LTD                     

 NG KIM YING                            G  ORD              ARTS OPTICAL INTERNATIONAL HOL-         1,500,000    070700-231006        0.880                1
                                                            DINGS LTD                     

 LEE WAI CHUNG                          G  ORD              ARTS OPTICAL INTERNATIONAL HOL-         3,500,000    070700-231006        0.880                1
                                                            DINGS LTD                     

 STOCK NAME : Bestway Int'l                  (0718)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 TANG KUAN CHIEN                        G  OPT              BESTWAY INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS-         6,000,000    260398-250301        0.380                1
                                                             LIMITED                      

                                        G  OPT              BESTWAY INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS-        10,000,000    270200-260203        0.100                1
                                                             LIMITED                      

 STOCK NAME : CWHKT                          (0008)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 CHEUNG WING LAM LINUS                  E  ORD              CABLE & WIRELESS HKT LTD                   41,490           -              -                   0

 PRINCE DAVID NORMAN                    E  ORD              CABLE & WIRELESS HKT LTD                   21,575           -              -                   0

 WILSON ROY ALAN                        E  ORD              CABLE & WIRELESS HKT LTD                   16,250           -              -                   0
                                                        SECURITIES (DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS) DAILY SUMMARIES                             PRINTED: 13/07/00  PAGE:   2
                                                        DIRECTORS'/CHIEF EXECUTIVES' NOTIFICATIONS REPORT - B
                                                            (GRANTS, ASSIGNMENTS AND EXERCISES OF RIGHTS)

 STOCK NAME : CWHKT                          (0008)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 MA KAM SING ALLEN                      E  ORD              CABLE & WIRELESS HKT LTD                   16,790           -              -                   0

 CHEUNG KAM HUNG WILLIAM                E  ORD              CABLE & WIRELESS HKT LTD                   15,320           -              -                   0

 STOCK NAME : China Internet                 (0235)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 OEI HONG LEONG                         G  ORD              CHINA INTERNET GLOBAL ALLIANCE-        18,500,000                         0.606                1
                                                             LIMITED                      

                                        G  ORD              CHINA INTERNET GLOBAL ALLIANCE-        25,000,000                         0.300                1
                                                             LIMITED                      

                                        G  ORD (US$)        CHINA TIRE HOLDIGNS LTD                   220,000                        10.250                1

                                        G  WAR (US$)        DYNAMOTIVE TECHNOLOGIES CORP            2,000,000                         1.500                0

                                        G  MEMBER INT(US$)  PACIFICNET.COM LLC                        150,000                         2.500                1

 STOCK NAME : China United                   (0273)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 CHUANG YUEHENG HENRY                   G  ORD              CHINA UNITED HOLDINGS LIMITED          30,000,000    091097-081007        0.339                1
                                                        SECURITIES (DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS) DAILY SUMMARIES                             PRINTED: 13/07/00  PAGE:   3
                                                        DIRECTORS'/CHIEF EXECUTIVES' NOTIFICATIONS REPORT - B
                                                            (GRANTS, ASSIGNMENTS AND EXERCISES OF RIGHTS)

 STOCK NAME : China-HK Photo                 (1123)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 TANG KWOK TONG                         E  ORD              CHINA-HONGKONG PHOTO PRODUCTS -           400,000           -              -                   0
                                                            HOLDINGS LTD                  

 MA FUNG WAH                            E  ORD              CHINA-HONGKONG PHOTO PRODUCTS -           200,000           -              -                   0
                                                            HOLDINGS LTD                  

 WONG KWOK WING                         E  ORD              CHINA-HONGKONG PHOTO PRODUCTS -           300,000           -              -                   0
                                                            HOLDINGS LTD                  

 SUN TAI LUN                            E  ORD              CHINA-HONGKONG PHOTO PRODUCTS -         1,000,000           -              -                   0
                                                            HOLDINGS LTD                  

 STOCK NAME : Denway Motors                  (0203)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 LIANG NINGGUANG                        G  ORD              DENWAY MOTORS LIMITED                      50,000                         0.406                1

                                        E  ORD              DENWAY MOTORS LIMITED                     300,000           -              -                   0

 STOCK NAME : Egana Jewellery                (0926)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 SEEBERGER HANS JOERG                   G  OPT              EGANA JEWELLERY & PEARLS LIMIT-        33,000,000    090100-090110        0.224                1
                                                            ED                            

                                        G  OPT              EGANAGOLDPFEIL (HOLDINGS) LTD         120,000,000    090100-090110        0.211                1
                                                        SECURITIES (DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS) DAILY SUMMARIES                             PRINTED: 13/07/00  PAGE:   4
                                                        DIRECTORS'/CHIEF EXECUTIVES' NOTIFICATIONS REPORT - B
                                                            (GRANTS, ASSIGNMENTS AND EXERCISES OF RIGHTS)

 STOCK NAME : EganaGoldpfeil                 (0048)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 SEEBERGER HANS JOERG                   G  OPT              EGANAGOLDPFEIL (HOLDINGS) LIMI-       120,000,000    0090100-090110       0.211                1
                                                            TED                           

 STOCK NAME : Giordano Int'l                 (0709)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 LAU KWOK KUEN PETER                    G  ORD              GIORDANO INTERNATIONAL LIMITED            700,000    250595-230501        4.440                0

                                        G  ORD              GIORDANO INTERNATIONAL LIMITED            800,000    280495-230501        3.710                0

                                        G  ORD              GIORDANO INTERNATIONAL LIMITED          7,500,000    240296-280505        5.200                0

                                        G  ORD              GIORDANO INTERNATIONAL LIMITED          5,000,000    070599-280505        5.660                0

                                        E  ORD              GIORDANO INTERNATIONAL LIMITED          1,000,000           -              -                   0

 STOCK NAME : Gold Peak                      (0040)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 LEUNG PAK CHUEN                        G  ORD              GOLD PEAK INDUSTRIES (HOLDINGS-            50,000    120500-110505        1.410                1
                                                            ) LTD.                        

                                        G  ORD              GPE INDUSTRIES LTD                        120,000    030298-020202     US$0.600              S$1

                                        G  ORD              GPE INDUSTRIES LTD                        160,000    230799-220703     US$0.300              S$1

                                        G  ORD              GPE INDUSTRIES LTD                        260,000    020800-010804     US$0.410              S$1
                                                        SECURITIES (DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS) DAILY SUMMARIES                             PRINTED: 13/07/00  PAGE:   5
                                                        DIRECTORS'/CHIEF EXECUTIVES' NOTIFICATIONS REPORT - B
                                                            (GRANTS, ASSIGNMENTS AND EXERCISES OF RIGHTS)

 STOCK NAME : Gold Peak                      (0040)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 LEUNG PAK CHUEN                        G  ORD              GPE INDUSTRIES LTD                        240,000    140402-130410      S$0.456              S$1

 STOCK NAME : Guangnan (Hold)                (1203)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 JIANG GUOQIANG                         G  OPT              GUANGNAN (HOLDINGS) LTD                   300,000    280598-260501        9.600                0

                                        G  OPT              GUANGNAN (HOLDINGS) LTD                   300,000    120299-100202        4.080                0

 STOCK NAME : Kader Holdings                 (0180)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 LEUNG SHING CHEUNG PATRICK             E  ORD              KADER HOLDINGS CO. LTD.                   100,000           -              -                   0

 STOCK NAME : MAE Holdings                   (0851)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 HO WING YUK                            G  ORD              MAE HOLDINGS LIMITED                    8,250,000    121099-091108        0.210                1

                                        G  ORD              MAE HOLDINGS LIMITED                    6,400,000    240900-091108        0.090                1

 STOCK NAME : Ming Pao Enterprise            (0685)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 TIONG IK KING                          G  OPT              MING PAO ENTERPRISE CORPORATIO-           150,000    010700-210201        2.219                1
                                                            N LTD.                        
                                                        SECURITIES (DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS) DAILY SUMMARIES                             PRINTED: 13/07/00  PAGE:   6
                                                        DIRECTORS'/CHIEF EXECUTIVES' NOTIFICATIONS REPORT - B
                                                            (GRANTS, ASSIGNMENTS AND EXERCISES OF RIGHTS)

 STOCK NAME : Nam Hing                       (0986)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 LAU CHUNG YIM                          G  OPT              NAM HING HOLDINGS LTD                   1,500,000    070100-060103        0.282                1

 STOCK NAME : Pam & Frank                    (0431)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 YANG HUNG YU WILLIAM                   G  OPT              PAM & FRANK INTERNATIONAL HOLD-         9,000,000    250700-240701        0.100               10
                                                            INGS LTD.                     

 TSUI LAI PING                          G  OPT              PAM & FRANK INTERNATIONAL HOLD-         1,500,000    250700-240701        0.100               10
                                                            INGS LTD.                     

 ZUO XIANJUE                            G  OPT              PAM & FRANK INTERNATIONAL HOLD-         3,000,000    0250700-240701       0.100               10
                                                            INGS LTD.                     

 ZUO XIANJUE                            G  OPT              PAM & FRANK INTERNATIONAL HOLD-         3,000,000    250700-240701        0.100               10
                                                            INGS LTD.                     

 TSUI LAI PING                          G  OPT              PAM & FRANK INTERNATIONAL HOLDI-        1,500,000    250700-240701        0.100               10
                                                            NGS LTD.                      

 YANG HUNG YU WILLIAM                   G  OPT              PAM & FRANK INTERNATIONAL HOLDI-        9,000,000    250700-240701        0.100               10
                                                            NGS LTD.                      

 STOCK NAME : Po Wing Kwan                   (0149)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 OEI HONG LEONG                         G  ORD              CHINA INTERNET GLOBAL ALLIANCE-        18,500,000                         0.606                1
                                                             LTD                          
                                                        SECURITIES (DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS) DAILY SUMMARIES                             PRINTED: 13/07/00  PAGE:   7
                                                        DIRECTORS'/CHIEF EXECUTIVES' NOTIFICATIONS REPORT - B
                                                            (GRANTS, ASSIGNMENTS AND EXERCISES OF RIGHTS)

 STOCK NAME : Po Wing Kwan                   (0149)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 OEI HONG LEONG                         G  ORD              CHINA INTERNET GLOBAL ALLIANCE-        25,000,000                         0.300                1
                                                             LTD                          

                                        G  ORD (US$)        CHINA TIRE HOLDINGS LTD                   220,000                        10.250                1

                                        G  WAR (US$)        DYNAMOTIVE TECHNOLOGIES CORP            2,000,000                         1.500                0

                                        G  MEMBER INT(US$)  PACIFICNET.COM LLC                        150,000                         2.500                1

 STOCK NAME : SUNDAY Comm                    (0866)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 CHEUNG WAI SUN EDWARD                  G  ORD              SUNDAY COMMUNICATIONS LIMITED          15,000,000    310500-300510        1.010                1

 WILMER FERGUS                          G  ORD              SUNDAY COMMUNICATIONS LIMITED          15,000,000    310500-300510        1.010                1

 LEUNG CHUN KEUNG ANDREW                G  ORD              SUNDAY COMMUNICATIONS LIMITED          15,000,000    310500-300510        1.010                1

 HICKS WILLIAM BRUCE                    G  ORD              SUNDAY COMMUNICATIONS LIMITED          15,000,000    0310500-300510       1.010                1

 EHRLICH CRAIG EDWARD                   G  ORD              SUNDAY COMMUNICATIONS LIMITED          15,000,000    310500-300510        1.010                1

 STOCK NAME : Sega.com Asia                  (1196)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 HUANG BRAD                             G  OPT              SEGA.COM ASIA LIMITED                   6,300,000    080700-261206        1.370                0
                                                        SECURITIES (DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS) DAILY SUMMARIES                             PRINTED: 13/07/00  PAGE:   8
                                                        DIRECTORS'/CHIEF EXECUTIVES' NOTIFICATIONS REPORT - B
                                                            (GRANTS, ASSIGNMENTS AND EXERCISES OF RIGHTS)

 STOCK NAME : Sinolink Hold                  (1168)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 TANG YUI MAN FRANCIS                   G  ORD              SINOLINK WORLDWIDE HOLDINGS LI-         1,500,000    010700-010203        0.550                1
                                                            MITED                         

                                        G  ORD              SINOLINK WORLDWIDE HOLDINGS LI-         1,500,000    010101-010104        0.550                1
                                                            MITED                         

                                        G  ORD              SINOLINK WORLDWIDE HOLDINGS LI-         2,500,000    030999-030902        0.450                1
                                                            MITED                         

                                        G  ORD              SINOLINK WORLDWIDE HOLSINGS LI-         1,250,000    030300-030902        0.450                1
                                                            MITED                         

                                        G  ORD              SINOLINK WORLDWIDE HOLDINGS LI-         1,250,000    030901-030902        0.450                1
                                                            MITED                         

 STOCK NAME : Vanda Systems                  (0757)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 CHEUNG KAM FOO                         G  ORD              VANDA SYSTEMS & COMMUNICATIONS-           350,000                         0.870                1
                                                             HOLDINGS LTD                 

 STOCK NAME : netalone.com                   (0336)

       Director/Chief Executive        G/E     Class                 Company Name                 Quantity       Exercise Period   Ex. Price  Consideration
 ------------------------------------  --- ---------------  -------------------------------  ------------------  ---------------  ---------- ---------------
 LO WING YAN WILLIAM                    G  OPT              NETALONE.COM LIMITED                    5,000,000    050101-040103        2.650                0

                                        G  OPT              NETALONE.COM LIMITED                    3,000,000    200300-190303        1.320                0

                                                                     *****  END OF REPORT  *****


NOTES:


N1     Revised

N2     Former name was Acer Investment Worldwide Incorporated which the name
       has been changed to Acer SoftCapital Incorporated since 31 March 2000.

N3     Consideration per unit : $0.335 - $0.350

N4     Consideration per unit : $0.242 - $0.247

N5     Exercise of share option.

N6     Acquisitions were made from 04/07/00 to 11/07/00 at prices ranging from
       $1.14 to $1.18 per share.

N7     Consideration per unit : $0.340 - $0.345

N8     Initial disclosure-date of appointment of Director.

N9     Acquisitions were made from 07/07/00 to 10/07/00 at prices ranging from
       $1.14 to $1.20 per share.

N10    Addition of family interests.

N11    SECURITIES (DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS) DAILY SUMMARIES
       SUBSTANTIAL SHAREHOLDERS' NOTIFICATIONS REPORT

       Stock Name: Manulife Financial Corporation (stock code: 945)
       *ISC as at 11/07/00 : 482,005,387

       The Securities and Futures Commission has granted Manulife Financial
       Corporation ("MFC") a partial exemption from compliance with the
       Securities (Disclosure of Interests) Ordinance pursuant to guidelines
       published under section 2A of the Ordinance.  Under the partial
       exemption, MFC is not required to prepare registers, maintain records
       or file, and MFC's corporate insiders are not required to file, with
       Hong Kong regulatory authorities disclosure of interest reports
       pursuant to the Ordinance on the condition that MFC will file with
       the SEHK disclosures of interests made in Canada and the U.S. where
       it maintains primary listings.

       1.  Under Canadian law, 10% shareholders of MFC have to file reports to
           the Ontario Securities Commission ("OSC").  Reports made by 10%
           shareholders, if any, can be found in OSC website www.sedar.com.
           MFC has agreed to monitor the OSC Weekly Bulletin and Insider Early
           Warning Report Press Releases every two weeks and if any reports by
           or concerning 10% shareholders and filed, MFC will provide a hard
           copy to the SEHK for inspection by the Hong Kong public.  So far,
           the SEHK has not received any such reports from MFC.
    
       2.  Under U.S. law, 5% shareholders of MFC have to file reports to the
           U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") pursuant to Schedule
           13G/13D of the Securities and Exchange Act 1934 of the United States.
           Up-to-date reports made by 5% shareholders, if any, can be found in
           SEC website at www.sec.gov.  MFC has agreed to monitor the SEC
           website every two weeks and if any reports on 5% shareholders are
           filed, MFC will provide a hard copy to the SEHK for inspection by
           the Hong Kong public.  So far, the SEHK has not received any such
           reports from MFC.

       3.  Hard copies of filings or reports provided by MFC under paragraphs 1
           and 2 above (if any) are available for inspection at the SEHK's
           office at 11/F., One International Finance Centre, 1 Harbour View
           Street, Central, Hong Kong, and upon request in writing to MFC at
           MFC's office at Manulife Plaza, The Lee Gardens, 48th Floor, 33
           Hysan Avenue, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong.  For enquiries or arrangements
           regarding inspection at the SEHK please contact the SEHK SDI Unit
           (Mr. Chan (2840-3707) or Miss Tsui (2840-3769)).
  
       * ISC refers to the latest Issued Share Capital of the listed company
         recorded by the Exchange as at the date of this summaries.  It might
         not promptly reflect changes caused by share placements, rights issue,
         bonus issue, etc.  Readers should exercise caution when using these
         figures.

N12    SECURITIES (DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS) DAILY SUMMARIES
       DIRECTORS' AND CHIEF EXECUTIVES' NOTIFICATIONS REPORT
  
       Stock Name: Manulife Financial Corporation (stock code: 945)
       *ISC as at 11/07/00 : 482,005,387

       The Securities and Futures Commission has granted Manulife Financial
       Corporation ("MFC") a partial exemption from compliance with the
       Securities (Disclosure of Interests) Ordinance pursuant to guidelines
       published under section 2A of the Ordinance.  Under the partial
       exemption, MFC is not required to prepare registers, maintain records
       or file, and MFC's corporate insiders are not required to file, with
       Hong Kong regulatory authorities disclosure of interest reports
       pursuant to the Ordinance on the condition that MFC will file with
       the SEHK disclosures of interests made in Canada and the U.S. where
       it maintains primary listings.

       1.  Under Canadian law, "insiders" including directors of MFC have
           to file reports to the Ontario Securities Commission ("OSC")
           in Form 55 pursuant to the Ontario Securities Act.  No Form 55
           filings have been made by MFC today.
    
       2.  MFC is presently a "foreign private issuer" under U.S. law.  As
           such, no directors of MFC are required to make any disclosure of
           interests filings under the Securities Exchange Act 1934 of the
           United States.  
    
       *  ISC refers to the latest Issued Share Capital of the listed company
          recorded by the Exchange as at the date of this summaries.  It might
          not promptly reflect changes caused by share placements, rights issue,
          bonus issue, etc.  Readers should exercise caution when using these
          figures.